The college was established in 1846 and named the Hyderabad Medical School, during the reign of the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad - Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V. When the Nizam became ill, probably from diabetes, the then British resident suggested he be treated with Western medicine by Surgeon, Dr William Campbell Maclean. The Nizam recovered fully. Impressed with allopathic medicine, he ordered the establishment of the Hyderabad Medical School (which later became Osmania Medical College) in 1847, headed by Dr. Maclean
Osmania Medical College ranked 16th among the top medical colleges in India in 2019 by Outlook India, 21st among the rankings for the medical colleges in India in 2019 by The Week and ranked 20th by India Today in 2020. Osmania Medical College is the Indian school with the greatest amount of licensed physicians in the United States per the 2108 FSMB Survey with 2,159 licensed physicians.
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